Research Hub

Retatrutide Research

Retatrutide is an investigational agonist of the GIP, GLP-1, and glucagon receptors. This research hub organizes human clinical trials, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and translational research indexed in The Peptide Authority library. Every record links to its original PubMed or DOI source for independent verification.

Retatrutide remains under clinical investigation. This page summarizes published research and does not provide medical advice, prescribing guidance, or treatment recommendations.

Evidence Snapshot

24Publicly indexed Retatrutide records

2022–2026Current indexed publication range

6Featured research records

24 PubMed · 24 DOIVerified source links

Counts reflect the research records currently indexed in this hub and update as the library is expanded.

Research Areas

Obesity and weight-management research Type 2 diabetes and glycaemic outcomes Liver and metabolic-disease research Body-composition research Systematic reviews and meta-analyses Translational development

Featured

Featured Clinical Trials

Six primary retatrutide clinical-trial records selected by the editorial team. Each card links to its full indexed record and original source.

RCT·Lancet (London, England)·2026·LMC Diabetes and Endocrinology, Brampton, ON, Canada.

Efficacy and safety of retatrutide, a GIP, GLP-1, and glucagon receptor agonist, in people with type 2 diabetes and inadequate glycaemic control with diet and exercise (TRANSCEND-T2D-1): a double-blind, randomised, phase 3 trial

Bajaj, HS., Welch, M., Shah, P. et al.·PMID 42250575 10.1016/S0140-6736(26)00967-0

Retatrutide is a GIP, GLP-1, and glucagon triple hormone receptor agonist, under clinical development for type 2 diabetes, obesity, and related complications. We aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of retatrutide as a monotherapy in people with type 2 diabetes that is inadequately controlled by diet and exercise alone. In this 40-week, phase 3, randomised, double-blind, pla…

Key Finding

Between April 10, 2024, and April 21, 2025, 930 participants were screened and 537 (296 [55%] female and 241 [45%] male) were randomly assigned: 134 to retatrutide 4 mg, 133 to retatrutide 9 mg, 136 to retatrutide 12 mg, and 134 to placebo.

RCT·The New England journal of medicine·2023·From the Departments of Medicine (Endocrinology and Metabolism) and Pediatrics (Pediatric Endocrinology), Yale University School of Medicine, New Have

Triple-Hormone-Receptor Agonist Retatrutide for Obesity - A Phase 2 Trial

Jastreboff, AM., Kaplan, LM., Frías, JP. et al.·PMID 37366315 10.1056/NEJMoa2301972

Retatrutide (LY3437943) is an agonist of the glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide, glucagon-like peptide 1, and glucagon receptors. Its dose-response relationships with respect to side effects, safety, and efficacy for the treatment of obesity are not known. We conducted a phase 2, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial involving adults who had a body-mass i…

Key Finding

We enrolled 338 adults, 51.8% of whom were men.

RCT·Lancet (London, England)·2023·Velocity Clinical Research at Medical City, Dallas, TX, USA.

Retatrutide, a GIP, GLP-1 and glucagon receptor agonist, for people with type 2 diabetes: a randomised, double-blind, placebo and active-controlled, parallel-group, phase 2 trial conducted in the USA

Rosenstock, J., Frias, J., Jastreboff, AM. et al.·PMID 37385280 10.1016/S0140-6736(23)01053-X

According to current consensus guidelines for type 2 diabetes management, bodyweight management is as important as attaining glycaemic targets. Retatrutide, a single peptide with agonist activity at the glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), GLP-1, and glucagon receptors, showed clinically meaningful glucose-lowering and bodyweight-lowering efficacy in a phase 1 st…

Key Finding

275 participants were included in the efficacy analyses (one each in the retatrutide 0·5 mg group, 4 mg escalation group, and 8 mg slow escalation group, and three in the 12 mg escalation group were inadvertently enrolled).

RCT·Nature medicine·2024·Stravitz-Sanyal Institute for Liver Disease and Metabolic Health and Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Virginia Commonwealth Uni

Triple hormone receptor agonist retatrutide for metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: a randomized phase 2a trial

Sanyal, AJ., Kaplan, LM., Frias, JP. et al.·PMID 38858523 10.1038/s41591-024-03018-2

Retatrutide is a novel triple agonist of the glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide, glucagon-like peptide 1 and glucagon receptors. A 48-week phase 2 obesity study demonstrated weight reductions of 22.8% and 24.2% with retatrutide 8 and 12 mg, respectively. The primary objective of this substudy was to assess mean relative change from baseline in liver fat (LF) at 24 wee…

Key Finding

LF reductions were significantly related to changes in body weight, abdominal fat and metabolic measures associated with improved insulin sensitivity and lipid metabolism.

RCT·The lancet. Diabetes & endocrinology·2025·Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana.

Effects of retatrutide on body composition in people with type 2 diabetes: a substudy of a phase 2, double-blind, parallel-group, placebo-controlled, randomised trial

Coskun, T., Wu, Q., Schloot, NC. et al.·PMID 40609566 10.1016/S2213-8587(25)00092-0

Retatrutide, a glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide, glucagon-like peptide-1, and glucagon receptor agonist, has demonstrated robust glucose and bodyweight reductions in participants with type 2 diabetes. This substudy assessed percent change from baseline to week 36 in total body fat mass versus placebo and dulaglutide. This phase 2, double-blind, parallel-group, place…

Key Finding

Between May 13, 2021 and June 13, 2022, 534 participants were screened for inclusion into the main study.

RCT·Lancet (London, England)·2022·Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA.

LY3437943, a novel triple GIP, GLP-1, and glucagon receptor agonist in people with type 2 diabetes: a phase 1b, multicentre, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomised, multiple-ascending dose trial

Urva, S., Coskun, T., Loh, MT. et al.·PMID 36354040 10.1016/S0140-6736(22)02033-5

Treating hyperglycaemia and obesity in individuals with type 2 diabetes using multi-receptor agonists can improve short-term and long-term outcomes. LY3437943 is a single peptide with agonist activity for glucagon, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), and glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptors that is currently in development for the treatment of type 2 diabet…

Key Finding

Between Dec 18, 2019, and Dec 28, 2020, 210 people were screened, of whom 72 were enrolled, received at least one dose of study drug, and were included in safety analyses.

Weight Management

Obesity and Weight-Management Research

Human studies examining Retatrutide for obesity, body-weight reduction, weight-management outcomes, and related metabolic endpoints.

Clinical Trial·Biomolecules·2025

Retatrutide-A Game Changer in Obesity Pharmacotherapy

Katsi, V., Koutsopoulos, G., Fragoulis, C. et al.·PMID 40563436 10.3390/biom15060796 Source

Clinical Trial·Diabetes, obesity & metabolism·2025

Retatrutide for the treatment of obesity, obstructive sleep apnea and knee osteoarthritis: Rationale and design of the TRIUMPH registrational clinical trials

Giblin, K., Kaplan, LM., Somers, VK. et al.·PMID 41090431 10.1111/dom.70209 Source

Clinical Trial·International journal of obesity (2005)·2025

What is the pipeline for future medications for obesity?

Melson, E., Ashraf, U., Papamargaritis, D. et al.·PMID 38302593 10.1038/s41366-024-01473-y Source

Clinical Trial·Medicina clinica·2025

Weight management treatment in obesity

Rubio-Herrera, MA., Mera-Carreiro, S.·PMID 40865172 10.1016/j.medcli.2025.107152 Source

Clinical Trial·Current cardiovascular risk reports·2025

Triple Agonism Based Therapies for Obesity

Goldney, J., Hamza, M., Surti, F. et al.·PMID 40741227 10.1007/s12170-025-00770-z Source

Clinical Trial·Clinical diabetes : a publication of the American Diabetes Association·2025

Retatrutide

Ramsbacher, N.·PMID 39429457 10.2337/cd24-0062 Source

Diabetes Research

Type 2 Diabetes and Glycaemic Outcomes

Clinical research evaluating Retatrutide in people with type 2 diabetes, including glycaemic control, body weight, and related metabolic outcomes.

Clinical Trial·Endocrine reviews·2026

Novel GLP-1-based Medications for Type 2 Diabetes and Obesity

Son, JW., le Roux, CW., Blüher, M. et al.·PMID 41054801 10.1210/endrev/bnaf036 Source

Clinical Trial·European journal of pharmacology·2024

The power of three: Retatrutide's role in modern obesity and diabetes therapy

Abdul-Rahman, T., Roy, P., Ahmed, FK. et al.·PMID 39515565 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.177095 Source

Clinical Trial·Diabetes care·2024

Efficacy and Safety of GLP-1 Medicines for Type 2 Diabetes and Obesity

Drucker, DJ.·PMID 38843460 10.2337/dci24-0003 Source

Metabolic Health

Liver and Metabolic-Disease Research

Research examining Retatrutide in liver disease, metabolic dysfunction, fatty-liver outcomes, and related cardiometabolic conditions.

Liver- and metabolic-disease-focused retatrutide trials are represented in the Featured Clinical Trials section above. No additional records in the library currently classify under this heading.

Body Composition

Body-Composition Research

Human research examining changes in fat mass, lean mass, energy balance, waist measurements, and other body-composition outcomes.

Clinical Trial·Diabetes care·2024

Incretin-Based Weight Loss Pharmacotherapy: Can Resistance Exercise Optimize Changes in Body Composition?

Locatelli, JC., Costa, JG., Haynes, A. et al.·PMID 38687506 10.2337/dci23-0100 Source

Clinical Trial·Current opinion in endocrinology, diabetes, and obesity·2024

Gut hormones and appetite regulation

Hong, SH., Choi, KM.·PMID 38511400 10.1097/MED.0000000000000859 Source

Clinical Trial·Metabolism: clinical and experimental·2024

The impact of weight loss on fat-free mass, muscle, bone and hematopoiesis health: Implications for emerging pharmacotherapies aiming at fat reduction and lean mass preservation

Stefanakis, K., Kokkorakis, M., Mantzoros, CS.·PMID 39481534 10.1016/j.metabol.2024.156057 Source

Reviews and Evidence

Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses

Systematic reviews, meta-analyses, evidence summaries, and other human-focused reviews of Retatrutide research.

Meta-Analysis·Pharmacological reviews·2025

Emerging pharmacotherapies for obesity: A systematic review

Kokkorakis, M., Chakhtoura, M., Rhayem, C. et al.·PMID 39952695 10.1124/pharmrev.123.001045 Source

Meta-Analysis·Annals of internal medicine·2025

Efficacy and Safety of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists for Weight Loss Among Adults Without Diabetes : A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials

Moiz, A., Filion, KB., Toutounchi, H. et al.·PMID 39761578 10.7326/ANNALS-24-01590 Source

Clinical Trial·Proceedings (Baylor University. Medical Center)·2025

Efficacy and safety of retatrutide, a novel GLP-1, GIP, and glucagon receptor agonist for obesity treatment: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Abdrabou Abouelmagd, A., Abdelrehim, AM., Bashir, MN. et al.·PMID 40291085 10.1080/08998280.2025.2456441 Source

Meta-Analysis·Metabolism: clinical and experimental·2024

Seven glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and polyagonists for weight loss in patients with obesity or overweight: an updated systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Xie, Z., Zheng, G., Liang, Z. et al.·PMID 39305981 10.1016/j.metabol.2024.156038 Source

Clinical Trial·Metabolism open·2024

Effects of once-weekly subcutaneous retatrutide on weight and metabolic markers: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Pasqualotto, E., Ferreira, ROM., Chavez, MP. et al.·PMID 39318607 10.1016/j.metop.2024.100321 Source

Early Development

Translational Development

The following record contains translational and early-development research on retatrutide, including preclinical context and early phase human data. It is listed separately from the primary human clinical trials above.

Translational and early-development research — not a primary clinical outcome study

Animal Study·Cell metabolism·2022·Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, IN 46285, USA.

LY3437943, a novel triple glucagon, GIP, and GLP-1 receptor agonist for glycemic control and weight loss: From discovery to clinical proof of concept

Coskun, T., Urva, S., Roell, WC. et al.·PMID 35985340 10.1016/j.cmet.2022.07.013

With an increasing prevalence of obesity, there is a need for new therapies to improve body weight management and metabolic health. Multireceptor agonists in development may provide approaches to fulfill this unmet medical need. LY3437943 is a novel triple agonist peptide at the glucagon receptor (GCGR), glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide receptor (GIPR), and glucagon…

Key Finding

Its pharmacokinetic profile supported once-weekly dosing, and a reduction in body weight persisted up to day 43 after a single dose.

Source and Editorial Standards

Study titles, authors, journals, publication years, PMIDs, DOIs, institutional affiliations, and source links are drawn from the existing indexed records. The Peptide Authority did not conduct or publish these studies. Inclusion does not imply endorsement by the original authors, institutions, journals, PubMed, or publishers.

Retatrutide Research

Featured Clinical Trials

Efficacy and safety of retatrutide, a GIP, GLP-1, and glucagon receptor agonist, in people with type 2 diabetes and inadequate glycaemic control with diet and exercise (TRANSCEND-T2D-1): a double-blind, randomised, phase 3 trial

Triple-Hormone-Receptor Agonist Retatrutide for Obesity - A Phase 2 Trial

Retatrutide, a GIP, GLP-1 and glucagon receptor agonist, for people with type 2 diabetes: a randomised, double-blind, placebo and active-controlled, parallel-group, phase 2 trial conducted in the USA

Triple hormone receptor agonist retatrutide for metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: a randomized phase 2a trial

Effects of retatrutide on body composition in people with type 2 diabetes: a substudy of a phase 2, double-blind, parallel-group, placebo-controlled, randomised trial

LY3437943, a novel triple GIP, GLP-1, and glucagon receptor agonist in people with type 2 diabetes: a phase 1b, multicentre, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomised, multiple-ascending dose trial

Obesity and Weight-Management Research

Retatrutide-A Game Changer in Obesity Pharmacotherapy

Retatrutide for the treatment of obesity, obstructive sleep apnea and knee osteoarthritis: Rationale and design of the TRIUMPH registrational clinical trials

What is the pipeline for future medications for obesity?

Weight management treatment in obesity

Triple Agonism Based Therapies for Obesity

Retatrutide

Type 2 Diabetes and Glycaemic Outcomes

Novel GLP-1-based Medications for Type 2 Diabetes and Obesity

The power of three: Retatrutide's role in modern obesity and diabetes therapy

Efficacy and Safety of GLP-1 Medicines for Type 2 Diabetes and Obesity

Liver and Metabolic-Disease Research

Body-Composition Research

Incretin-Based Weight Loss Pharmacotherapy: Can Resistance Exercise Optimize Changes in Body Composition?

Gut hormones and appetite regulation

The impact of weight loss on fat-free mass, muscle, bone and hematopoiesis health: Implications for emerging pharmacotherapies aiming at fat reduction and lean mass preservation

Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses

Emerging pharmacotherapies for obesity: A systematic review

Efficacy and Safety of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists for Weight Loss Among Adults Without Diabetes : A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials

Efficacy and safety of retatrutide, a novel GLP-1, GIP, and glucagon receptor agonist for obesity treatment: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Seven glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and polyagonists for weight loss in patients with obesity or overweight: an updated systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Effects of once-weekly subcutaneous retatrutide on weight and metabolic markers: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Translational Development

LY3437943, a novel triple glucagon, GIP, and GLP-1 receptor agonist for glycemic control and weight loss: From discovery to clinical proof of concept

The Peptide Evidence Brief